Genetic Variants Increase Obesity Risk Six-Fold

New Genetic Variants Discovered, Potentially Increasing Obesity Risk Six-Fold A groundbreaking study published in Nature Genetics has unveiled two genetic variants that could significantly elevate the risk of obesity in adults. These variants, found in the BSN (Bassoon) and APBA1 genes, are believed to influence obesity through a novel pathway involving brain cell signaling, shedding new light on the complex interplay between genetics and obesity.

The research team, led by experts from Cambridge University’s Metabolic Research Council, revealed that individuals carrying variants in the BSN gene face up to a six-fold increase in obesity risk. Similarly, variants in the APBA1 gene were found to be associated with a notable, albeit less pronounced, increase in obesity risk. These findings mark a significant departure from previous studies, as these genetic variants primarily impact obesity risk in adulthood, rather than during childhood.

Notably, the study highlighted the rarity of these genetic variants, with only about one in 6,500 adults being affected. Despite their rarity, these variants were also found to be linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, underscoring the broader health implications of these genetic factors.

The researchers hypothesize that the BSN and APBA1 genes contribute to obesity by influencing brain cell communication and potentially contributing to age-related brain degeneration. These genes are known to play a role in diseases such as Alzheimer’s and multiple systems atrophy, suggesting a broader impact on brain health and function beyond obesity.

This discovery represents a significant step forward in understanding the genetic underpinnings of obesity. Previous research has primarily focused on genetic variants that affect appetite regulation through the leptin-melanocortin pathway. However, the BSN and APBA1 genes appear to influence obesity through a distinct mechanism, highlighting the complexity of genetic influences on obesity risk.

The study’s lead author, Giles Yeo, emphasized the importance of these findings, stating, “These findings give us a new appreciation of the relationship between genetics, neurodevelopment, and obesity.” Further research will be needed to fully elucidate the role of these genetic variants in obesity and their potential implications for future treatments.

This study adds to the growing body of evidence highlighting the role of genetics in obesity. While environmental factors such as diet and exercise remain key contributors to obesity, genetic factors play a significant role, particularly in cases of severe obesity. Understanding these genetic factors could pave the way for more targeted and personalized approaches to obesity prevention and treatment in the future.